Topic 1: Introduction: Media, Culture, and Society
Topic 2: Cultural Studies and Media Culture
Topic 3: Ideology and Race
Topic 4: Ethnicity and Multiculturalism
Midterm Examination
Topic 5: Gender Identities and Representations - Masculinity
Topic 6: Images of Femininity
Topic 7: Sexuality
Topic 8: Culture of MTV
Topic 9: Media Scandals
Topic10: Media Technologies and Cultural Studies
STUDY TEXT:
O’Shaughnessy, Michael and Jane Stadler. 2002. Media and Society – An Introduction, 2nd edtition. Oxford University Press: Australia.
Additional Resources
Agee, Warren K., Phillip H. Ault, and Edwin Emery. Introduction to Mass communication, 12th edition. Longman: New York.
Dines, G. & J.M. Humez. 1995. Gender, Race and Class in Media. SAGE Publications: California.
Hunt, Todd and Brent D. Ruben. 1993. Mass Communication Producers and Consumers. Harper Collins College Publishers: New York.
Jawitz, William. 1996. Understanding Mass media, 5th ed. National Textbook company: Illinois, USA.
Littlejohn, Stephen W. 1999. Theories of Human Communication, 6th ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company: California.
McQuail, Dennis. 1997. Mass Communication Theory, 3rd ed. SAGE Publication: London.
Hebrige, D. 2003. Subculture: The Meaning of Style. Routledge: New York.
Messy, K. 2002. Media Literacy and Culture. McGraw-Hill Higher Education: USA.
Assessment Criteria/Percentage Weight
Tutorial 10%
Class Test 10%
Coursework 20%
Midterm Exam 20%
Final Examination 40%
Paper 1: On Gender Identities and Representations 5%, Due: Week 3, Lecture
If your life story will be made into a film – to be acted out and directed by your favorite artists – how do you want your masculinity / femininity be presented or projected on screen?
Paper 2 On Media Scandals 5%, Due: Week 9, Lecture
Write a paragraph description of a specific media scandal involving celebrities / politicians around the globe.
Write your criticism of that particular media scandal. Your criticism on the possible effects of the scandal should be grounded on at least two communication theories.
Group Work (4 – 5 members) 5%, Presentation: Week 14
Look for one media product from among the given choices below:
1. a print advertisement
2. a movie scene
3. a music video
The media product assigned to your group should contain a societal issue/controversy related (but not limited) to any of the following:
1. class
2. race
3. age
4. sex
5. handicap
On the date of the presentation, you are required to perform before the class the following tasks:
1. Present the media product (within 30 seconds only)
2. Identify the issues/controversies of that particular media product (30seconds)
3. state the reasons of its being a societal issue – arguments should be grounded on communication theories (2minutes)
Note:Submit your media product and analysis of the issue on Friday, Week 11.
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
Tuesday, August 26, 2008
Lecture 2 and 3
CULTURAL STUDIES
AND
MEDIA CULTURE
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
1.CHANGE AND CRISIS
2.INEQUALITY AND DIFFERENCE
3.MAINTAINING CONSENT IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES
HOW THE MEDIA WORK(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
THE MEDIA SHOW US WHAT THE WORLD IS LIKE; THEY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD FOR US.
•MEDIA PRODUCTS DO NOT SHOW OR PRESENT THE REAL WORLD; THEY CONSTRUCT AND REPRESENT REALITY
•THE MEDIA ARE JUST ONE OF THE WAYS BY WHICH WE AND SOCIETY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD, OR CONSTRUCT THE WORLD.
THE MEDIA ARE OWNED, CONTROLLED, AND CREATED BY CERTAIN GROUPS WHO MAKE SENSE OF SOCIETY ON BEHALF OF OTHERS
THE NEED FOR POPULARITY
Lecture 3
IDEOLOGY AND
RACE
IDEOLOGY - IS A SET OF DELIBERATELY FORMULATED, COHERENT, RATIONAL, USUALLY POLITICL IDEAS THAT IS USED AS A WAY OF DEFINING AND UNDERSTANDING HOW SOCIETY CAN BE ORGANIZED.
(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
IDEOLOGY IS A SET OF SOCIAL VALUES, BELIEFS, FEELINGS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND INSTITUTIONS BY WHICH PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD THEY LIVE IN.
(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•EACH SOCIETY HAS A DOMINANT IDEOLOGY SHARED BY MAJORITY OF PEOPLE. (Althuser )
–DOMINANT IN NUMERICAL TERMS
–DOMINANT IN THE SENSE THAT IT TENDS TO SUPPORT THE INTERESTS OF THE DOMINANT, RULING GROUPS.
MECHANISMS OF IDEOLOGY(Althusser, 1977 in O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUSES (RSAs)
•– FORCE PEOPLE TO CONFORM TO THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY.
•- USED DELIBERATELY, TO CONTROL, PUNISH, AND COERCE PEOPLE WHO ATTEMPT TO CHALLENGE THE SYSTEM.
•IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUSES (ISAs)
•- WORK MORE LIKE HYNOPSIS, CONVINCING PEOPLE OR WINNING THEIR CONSENT TO THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY
•THE CHURCH, THE FAMILY, THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, THE MEDIA
THE MEDIA FUNCTION TO SUPPORT THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY BY “MASKING AND DISPLACING” SOCIAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•RACE – THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH THE TERM. NOT ONLY IS IT WITHOUT SCIENTIFIC BASIS, BUT BECAUSE IT SUGGESTS BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES, USING IT IS TANTAMOUNT TO ACCEPTING THE PROPOSITION THAT THESE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES EXIST. (O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
IDEOLOGY IS A SET OF SOCIAL VALUES, BELIEFS, FEELINGS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND INSTITUTIONS BY WHICH PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD THEY LIVE IN.
AND
MEDIA CULTURE
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
1.CHANGE AND CRISIS
2.INEQUALITY AND DIFFERENCE
3.MAINTAINING CONSENT IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES
HOW THE MEDIA WORK(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
THE MEDIA SHOW US WHAT THE WORLD IS LIKE; THEY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD FOR US.
•MEDIA PRODUCTS DO NOT SHOW OR PRESENT THE REAL WORLD; THEY CONSTRUCT AND REPRESENT REALITY
•THE MEDIA ARE JUST ONE OF THE WAYS BY WHICH WE AND SOCIETY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD, OR CONSTRUCT THE WORLD.
THE MEDIA ARE OWNED, CONTROLLED, AND CREATED BY CERTAIN GROUPS WHO MAKE SENSE OF SOCIETY ON BEHALF OF OTHERS
THE NEED FOR POPULARITY
Lecture 3
IDEOLOGY AND
RACE
IDEOLOGY - IS A SET OF DELIBERATELY FORMULATED, COHERENT, RATIONAL, USUALLY POLITICL IDEAS THAT IS USED AS A WAY OF DEFINING AND UNDERSTANDING HOW SOCIETY CAN BE ORGANIZED.
(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
IDEOLOGY IS A SET OF SOCIAL VALUES, BELIEFS, FEELINGS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND INSTITUTIONS BY WHICH PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD THEY LIVE IN.
(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•EACH SOCIETY HAS A DOMINANT IDEOLOGY SHARED BY MAJORITY OF PEOPLE. (Althuser )
–DOMINANT IN NUMERICAL TERMS
–DOMINANT IN THE SENSE THAT IT TENDS TO SUPPORT THE INTERESTS OF THE DOMINANT, RULING GROUPS.
MECHANISMS OF IDEOLOGY(Althusser, 1977 in O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUSES (RSAs)
•– FORCE PEOPLE TO CONFORM TO THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY.
•- USED DELIBERATELY, TO CONTROL, PUNISH, AND COERCE PEOPLE WHO ATTEMPT TO CHALLENGE THE SYSTEM.
•IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUSES (ISAs)
•- WORK MORE LIKE HYNOPSIS, CONVINCING PEOPLE OR WINNING THEIR CONSENT TO THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY
•THE CHURCH, THE FAMILY, THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, THE MEDIA
THE MEDIA FUNCTION TO SUPPORT THE DOMINANT IDEOLOGY BY “MASKING AND DISPLACING” SOCIAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
(O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•RACE – THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH THE TERM. NOT ONLY IS IT WITHOUT SCIENTIFIC BASIS, BUT BECAUSE IT SUGGESTS BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES, USING IT IS TANTAMOUNT TO ACCEPTING THE PROPOSITION THAT THESE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES EXIST. (O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
IDEOLOGY IS A SET OF SOCIAL VALUES, BELIEFS, FEELINGS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND INSTITUTIONS BY WHICH PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD THEY LIVE IN.
Lecture 1
The “Media World”
“The world we live and the ways we live are now so heavily influenced and dominated by the media”
Media
For indirect communication.
“Media” is the plural of “medium”.
“Media” refers to television, cinema, radio, video, photography, advertising, newspapers and magazines, music, computer games and the internet
Media texts: programmes, films, images, websites, etc., that are carried by these different forms of communication.
wMedia have a wide-ranging influence over our experience and over public opinion.
wIt doesn’t just affect our attitudes but are a means of access to the knowledge on which many social activities depend.
The media is a huge source of pleasure – studying the media will allow us to understand and appreciate the media through understanding how they work
Media has a positive social power – are capable of sharing ideas across physical distances. In this capacity it is a truly democratic medium
How do the media work?
A) They make sense of the world for us
Representation: The media have become the place through which we receive most of our information about the world
Interpretation:
Media gives us information and then explanations, ways of understanding the world we live in
Evaluation:
Some issues and identities are devalued while others are praised. That gives a framework to judge the information that we receive
B) Media products construct and re-present reality
Media products are not the real world itself, they are re-presentations or constructions of the world
C) The media is just one of the ways by which we society makes sense of the world
The media combine with other forces of socialisation
Family, religious and education systems teach children how to understand and act in the world
The media generally act to reinforce values that are part of the whole society
D) The media are owned, controlled and created by certain groups who make sense of society on behalf of others
What “media” do to us?
Social Role
C – class
R – race
A – age
S – sex and sexual orientation
H – handicap
•MEDIA ARE TECHNOLOGICALLY DEVELOPED AND ECONOMICALLY PROFITABLE FORMS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION, HELD EITHER IN PUBLIC OR PRIVATE OWNERSHIP, WHICH CAN TRANSMIT INFORMATION AND ENTERTAINMENT ACROSS TIME AND SPACE TO LARGE GROUPS. (O’Shaugnessy & Stadler, 2002)
•CULTURE GERERALLY REFERS TO PATTERNS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THE SYMBOLIC STRUCTURES THAT GIVE SUCH ACTIVITIES SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE. (Wikipedia, 2008)
•“THE WAY OF LIFE FOR AN ENTIRE SOCIETY“ (Raymond Williams)
•IT IS THE STRUCTURES AND PRACTICES, THROUGH WHICH A CULTURE PRODUCES AND REPRODUCES A PARTICULAR SOCIAL ORDER BY LEGITIMIZING CERTAIN VALUES, EXPECTATIONS, MEANINGS, AND PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR. - J. WOOD
•SOCIETY IS A GROUPING OF INDIVIDUALS CHARACTERIZED BY PATTERNS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THESE INDIVIDUALS THAT MAY HAVE DISTINCTIVE CULTURE AND INSTITUTIONS, OR, MORE BROADLY, AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN WHICH A VARIED MULTITUDE OF PEOPLE OR PEOPLES ARE A PART. (WIKIPEDIA)
•SOCIETY IS THE ACTUAL ARRANGEMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS WHILE CULTURE IS MADE OF BELIEFS AND SYMBOLIC FORMS. (Clifford Geertz)
Important existential Issues ON sOCIETY (Richard Jenkins)
•How humans think and exchange information
•Many phenomena cannot be reduced to individual behavior
•Collectives often endure beyond the lifespan of individual members.
•The human condition has always meant going beyond the evidence of our senses; every aspect of our lives is tied to the collective.
FEARS (O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•POLITICAL USE OF THE MEDIA
•MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON MORALS
•MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON CULTURE
“The world we live and the ways we live are now so heavily influenced and dominated by the media”
Media
For indirect communication.
“Media” is the plural of “medium”.
“Media” refers to television, cinema, radio, video, photography, advertising, newspapers and magazines, music, computer games and the internet
Media texts: programmes, films, images, websites, etc., that are carried by these different forms of communication.
wMedia have a wide-ranging influence over our experience and over public opinion.
wIt doesn’t just affect our attitudes but are a means of access to the knowledge on which many social activities depend.
The media is a huge source of pleasure – studying the media will allow us to understand and appreciate the media through understanding how they work
Media has a positive social power – are capable of sharing ideas across physical distances. In this capacity it is a truly democratic medium
How do the media work?
A) They make sense of the world for us
Representation: The media have become the place through which we receive most of our information about the world
Interpretation:
Media gives us information and then explanations, ways of understanding the world we live in
Evaluation:
Some issues and identities are devalued while others are praised. That gives a framework to judge the information that we receive
B) Media products construct and re-present reality
Media products are not the real world itself, they are re-presentations or constructions of the world
C) The media is just one of the ways by which we society makes sense of the world
The media combine with other forces of socialisation
Family, religious and education systems teach children how to understand and act in the world
The media generally act to reinforce values that are part of the whole society
D) The media are owned, controlled and created by certain groups who make sense of society on behalf of others
What “media” do to us?
Social Role
C – class
R – race
A – age
S – sex and sexual orientation
H – handicap
•MEDIA ARE TECHNOLOGICALLY DEVELOPED AND ECONOMICALLY PROFITABLE FORMS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION, HELD EITHER IN PUBLIC OR PRIVATE OWNERSHIP, WHICH CAN TRANSMIT INFORMATION AND ENTERTAINMENT ACROSS TIME AND SPACE TO LARGE GROUPS. (O’Shaugnessy & Stadler, 2002)
•CULTURE GERERALLY REFERS TO PATTERNS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THE SYMBOLIC STRUCTURES THAT GIVE SUCH ACTIVITIES SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE. (Wikipedia, 2008)
•“THE WAY OF LIFE FOR AN ENTIRE SOCIETY“ (Raymond Williams)
•IT IS THE STRUCTURES AND PRACTICES, THROUGH WHICH A CULTURE PRODUCES AND REPRODUCES A PARTICULAR SOCIAL ORDER BY LEGITIMIZING CERTAIN VALUES, EXPECTATIONS, MEANINGS, AND PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR. - J. WOOD
•SOCIETY IS A GROUPING OF INDIVIDUALS CHARACTERIZED BY PATTERNS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THESE INDIVIDUALS THAT MAY HAVE DISTINCTIVE CULTURE AND INSTITUTIONS, OR, MORE BROADLY, AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN WHICH A VARIED MULTITUDE OF PEOPLE OR PEOPLES ARE A PART. (WIKIPEDIA)
•SOCIETY IS THE ACTUAL ARRANGEMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS WHILE CULTURE IS MADE OF BELIEFS AND SYMBOLIC FORMS. (Clifford Geertz)
Important existential Issues ON sOCIETY (Richard Jenkins)
•How humans think and exchange information
•Many phenomena cannot be reduced to individual behavior
•Collectives often endure beyond the lifespan of individual members.
•The human condition has always meant going beyond the evidence of our senses; every aspect of our lives is tied to the collective.
FEARS (O’Shaughnessy and Stadler)
•POLITICAL USE OF THE MEDIA
•MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON MORALS
•MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON CULTURE
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